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Business Taxes Law Guide—Revision 2024

BTLG Table of Contents > Hazardous Substances Tax Law > Chapter 4 > entire chapter

Hazardous Substances Tax Law

Revenue and Taxation Code

Division 2. Other Taxes
Part 22. Hazardous Substances Tax Law

Chapter 4. Collection of Tax


Article 1. Suit for Tax

Article 2. Judgment for Tax

Article 3. Warrant for Collection

Article 4 Seizure and Sale

Article 5. Miscellaneous

Chapter 4. Collection of Tax

Article 1. Suit for Tax

43401. Legal actions; Attorney General. The board may bring such legal actions as are necessary to collect any deficiency in the tax required to be paid, and, upon the board's request, the Attorney General shall bring the actions.

43402. Attachment. In any suit brought to enforce the rights of the state with respect to taxes, a certificate by the board showing the delinquency shall be prima facie evidence of the levy of the tax, of the delinquency of the amount of tax, interest, and penalty set forth therein, and compliance by the board with all provisions of this part in relation to the computation and levy of the tax. In the action, a writ of attachment may be issued in the manner provided by Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 485.010) of Title 6.5 of Part 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

History—Stats. 1982, Ch. 496, in effect July 12, 1982, deleted "without … Procedure" after "Procedure" at the end of the second sentence.

Article 2. Judgment for Tax

43411. Request for judgment. [Repealed by Stats. 1982, Ch. 496, in effect July 12, 1982.]

43412. Abstract of judgment; lien. [Repealed by Stats. 1982, Ch. 496, in effect July 12, 1982.]

43413. State tax lien. (a) If any person fails to pay any amount imposed pursuant to this part at the time that it becomes due and payable, the amount thereof, including penalties and interest, together with any costs in addition thereto, shall thereupon be a perfected and enforceable state tax lien. Such a lien is subject to Chapter 14 (commencing with Section 7150) of Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code.

(b) For the purpose of this section, amounts are "due and payable" on the following dates:

(1) For amounts disclosed on a return received by the board before the date the return is delinquent, the date the return would have been delinquent.

(2) For amounts disclosed on a return filed on or after the date the return is delinquent, the date the return is received by the board.

(3) For amounts determined under Section 43350 (pertaining to jeopardy assessments), the date the notice of the board's finding is mailed or issued.

(4) For all other amounts, the date the assessment is final.

43414. Release of liens. (a) If the board determines that the amount of tax, interest, and penalties are sufficiently secured by a lien on other property or that the release or subordination of the lien imposed under this article will not jeopardize the collection of the amount of the tax, interest, and penalties, the board may at any time release all or any portion of the property subject to the lien from the lien or may subordinate the lien to other liens and encumbrances.

(b) If the board finds that the liability represented by the lien imposed under this article, including any interest accrued thereon, is legally unenforceable, the board may release the lien.

(c) A certificate by the board to the effect that any property has been released from a lien or that the lien has been subordinated to other liens and encumbrances is conclusive evidence that such property has been released or that the lien has been subordinated as provided in the certificate.

Article 3. Warrant for Collection

43421. Warrant; time of issuing. At any time within three years after any person is delinquent in the payment of any amount herein required to be paid, or within 10 years after the last recording of an abstract under Section 43412 or the last recording or filing of a notice of state tax lien under Section 7171 of the Government Code, the board, or its authorized representative, may issue a warrant for the enforcement of any liens and for the collection of any amount required to be paid to the state under this part. The warrant shall be directed to any sheriff or marshal and shall have the same effect as a writ of execution. The warrant shall be levied and sale made pursuant to it in the same manner and with the same effect as a levy of, and sale pursuant to, a writ of execution.

History—Stats. 1996, Ch. 872, in effect January 1, 1997, substituted "or marshal" for ", marshal, or constable" after "to any sheriff" in the second sentence.

43422. Fees and expenses. The board may pay or advance to the sheriff or marshal, the same fees, commissions, and expenses for their services as are provided by law for similar services pursuant to a writ of execution. The board, and not the court, shall approve the fees for publication in a newspaper.

History—Stats. 1996, Ch. 872, in effect January 1, 1997, substituted "or marshal" for ", marshal, or constable" after "to the sheriff" in the first sentence.

43423. Collection of fees. The fees, commissions, and expenses are the obligation of the person required to pay any amount under this part and may be collected from him or her by virtue of the warrant or in any other manner provided in this part for the collection of the tax.

Article 4. Seizure and Sale

43431. Seizure and sale. Whenever any taxpayer is delinquent in the payment of the tax, the board, or its authorized representative, may seize any property, real or personal, of the taxpayer, and sell at public auction the property seized, or a sufficient portion thereof, to pay the tax due, together with any penalties imposed for the delinquency and all costs that have been incurred on account of the seizure and sale.

43432. Notice of sale. Notice of the sale, and the time and place thereof, shall be given to the delinquent taxpayer and to all persons who have an interest of record in the property at least 20 days before the date set for the sale in the following manner: The notice shall be personally served or enclosed in an envelope addressed to the taxpayer or other person at his or her last known residence or place of business in this state as it appears upon the records of the board, if any, and depositing it in the United States registered mail, postage prepaid. The notice shall be published pursuant to Section 6063 of the Government Code in a newspaper of general circulation published in the city in which the property or a part thereof is situated if any part thereof is situated in a city or, if not, in a newspaper of general circulation published in the county in which the property or a part thereof is located. Notice shall also be posted in both of the following manners:

(a) One public place in the city in which the interest in property is to be sold if it is to be sold in a city, or, if not to be sold in a city, one public place in the county in which the interest to the property is to be sold.

(b) One conspicuous place on the property.

The notice shall contain a description of the property to be sold, a statement of the amount due, including taxes, interest, penalties, and costs, the name of the taxpayer, and the further statement that unless the amount due is paid on or before the time fixed in the notice for the sale, the property, or so much thereof as may be necessary, will be sold in accordance with law and the notice.

History—Stats. 1990, Ch. 1528, in effect January 1, 1991, deleted "Written" before "Notice", "intended" before "sale, and", substituted "who" for "appearing of record to", added "of record" after "interest", substituted "20" for "10" and "in the following manner: The" for "by enclosing the", added "shall be personally served or enclosed" after ": The notice", and "or other person" after "addressed to the taxpayer" in the first sentence; deleted "also" after "The notice shall", substituted "6063" for "6062", added "in a newspaper of general circulation published" after "Government Code", substituted "city" for "county" and "or a part thereof is situated … or a part thereof is located" for "seized is to be sold" in the second sentence; deleted the former third sentence which provided, "If there is no newspaper of general circulation in the county, the notice shall be posted in three public places in the county for the 10-day period." and added the third sentence, including subdivisions (a) and (b); created a new paragraph with the former last sentence and added "due, including" after "amount" and "interest," before "penalties", and substituted "amount due is" for "taxes, penalties, and costs are".

43433. Bill of sale; deed. At the sale the property shall be sold by the board, or by its authorized agent, in accordance with law and the notice, and the board shall deliver to the purchaser a bill of sale for the personal property and a deed for any real property sold. The bill of sale or deed vests title in the purchaser. The unsold portion of any property seized may be left at the place of sale at the risk of the taxpayer.

History—Stats. 1988, Ch. 652, in effect January 1, 1989, deleted "subject to a right of redemption as prescribed in the Code of Civil Procedure upon sales of real property on execution" in the second sentence.

43434. Disposition of proceeds. If upon the sale the moneys received exceed the amount of all taxes, penalties, and costs due the state from the taxpayer, the board shall return the excess to him or her and obtain his or her receipt. If any person having an interest in or lien upon the property files with the board prior to the sale notice of his or her interest, the board shall withhold any excess pending a determination of the rights of the respective parties to the excess moneys by a court of competent jurisdiction. If for any reason the receipt of the taxpayer is not available, the board shall deposit the excess moneys with the Controller, as trustee for the owner, subject to the order of the taxpayer, his or her heirs, successors, or assigns.

History—Stats. 1996, Ch. 860, in effect January 1, 1997, substituted "to the excess moneys" for "thereto" after "the respective parties" in the second sentence and substituted "Controller" for "State Treasurer" after "moneys with the" in the last sentence.

Article 5. Miscellaneous

43441. Notice to creditors. If any taxpayer is delinquent in the payment of any obligations imposed by this part, or in the event a determination has been made against such a taxpayer which remains unpaid, the board may, not later than three years after the payment becomes delinquent, or within 10 years after the last recording of an abstract or copy of judgment under Section 43412 or the last recording or filing of a notice of state tax lien under Section 7171 of the Government Code, give notice thereof, personally or by first-class mail to all persons, including any officer or department of the state or any political subdivision or agency of the state, having in their possession or under their control any credits or other personal property belonging to the taxpayer, or owing any debts to the taxpayer. In the case of any state officer, department, or agency, the notice shall be given to such officer, department, or agency prior to the time it presents the claim of the delinquent taxpayer to the Controller.

43442. Credits; prohibition against transfer or disposal. After receiving the notice the person so notified shall neither transfer nor make any other disposition of the credits, other personal property, or debts in their possession or under their control at the time they receive the notice until the board consents to a transfer or disposition or until 60 days elapse after the receipt of the notice, whichever period expires first.

43443. Credits; bank. All persons so notified shall immediately, after receipt of the notice, advise the board of all credits, other personal property, or debts in their possession, under their control, or owing by them. If the notice seeks to prevent the transfer or other disposition of a deposit in a bank or other credits or personal property in the possession or under the control of a bank, the notice, to be effective, shall state the amount, interest, and penalty due from the person and shall be delivered or mailed to the branch or office of the bank at which the deposit is carried or at which the credits or personal property is held. Notwithstanding any other provision, with respect to a deposit in a bank or other credits or personal property in the possession or under the control of a bank, the notice shall only be effective with respect to an amount not in excess of the amount, interest, and penalty due from the person.

History—Stats. 1982, Ch. 496, in effect July 12, 1982, substituted "immediately" for "forthwith" after "shall" in the first sentence, substituted "the" for "such" before "notice," before the second "deposit," and before the second "credits" in the second sentence, and deleted "two times" after "excess of" in the third sentence.

43444. Credits; liability. If, during the effective period of the notice to withhold, any person so notified makes any transfer or disposition of the property or debts required to be withheld, to the extent of the value of the property or the amount of the debts thus transferred or paid, he or she shall be liable to the state for any indebtedness due under this part from the person with respect to whose obligation the notice was given, if solely by reason of such transfer or disposition, the state is unable to recover the indebtedness of the person with respect to whose obligation the notice was given.

43444.2. Notice of levy. (a) The California Department of Tax and Fee Administration may, by notice of levy, served personally, by first-class mail, or by electronic transmission or other electronic technology, require all persons having in their possession, or under their control, any payments, credits other than payments, or other personal property belonging to a taxpayer or other person liable for any amount under this part to withhold from these credits or other personal property the amount of any tax, interest, or penalties due from the taxpayer or other person, or the amount of any liability incurred by them under this part, and to transmit the amount withheld to the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration at the time it may designate. The notice of levy shall have the same effect as a levy pursuant to a writ of execution except for the continuing effect of the levy, as provided in subdivision (b).

(b) The person served shall continue to withhold pursuant to the notice of levy until the amount specified in the notice, including accrued interest, has been paid in full, until the notice is withdrawn, or until one year from the date the notice is received, whichever occurs first.

(c) The amount required to be withheld is the lesser of the following:

(1) The amount due stated on the notice.

(2) The sum of both of the following:

(A) The amount of the payments, credits other than payments, or personal property described above and under the person's possession or control when the notice of levy is served on the person.

(B) The amount of each payment that becomes due following service of the notice of levy on the person and prior to the expiration of the levy.

(d) For the purposes of this section, the term ''payments'' does not include earnings as that term is defined in subdivision (a) of Section 706.011 of the Code of Civil Procedure or funds in a deposit account as defined in paragraph (29) of subdivision (a) of Section 9102 of the Commercial Code. The term "payments'' does include any of the following:

(1) Payments due for services of independent contractors, dividends, rents, royalties, residuals, patent rights, or mineral or other natural rights.

(2) Payments or credits due or becoming due periodically as a result of an enforceable obligation to the distributor, dealer, or other person liable for the tax.

(3) Any other payments or credits due or becoming due the distributor, dealer, or other person liable as the result of written or oral contracts for services or sales whether denominated as wages, salary, commission, bonus, or otherwise.

(e) In the case of a financial institution, to be effective, the notice shall state the amount due from the taxpayer and shall be delivered, mailed, or served by electronic transmission or other electronic technology to the branch or office of the financial institution where the credits or other property is held, unless another branch or office is designated by the financial institution to receive the notice.

History—Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1589, in effect January 1, 1982. Stats. 1993, Ch. 1113, in effect January 1, 1994, added "(a)", added comma after "The board may", deleted a comma after "notice of levy", substituted "these" for "such" after "withhold from", substituted "the" for "such" after "due from", and substituted "the time" for "such times" after "board at", in the first paragraph; added "(b)"; and added subdivision (c). Stats. 1998, Ch. 609 (SB 2232), in effect January 1, 1999, substituted "payments, credits other than payments," for "credits" after "their control, any" and deleted "as" after "at the time" in the first sentence and added "The notice of … in subdivision (b)." as the second sentence to subdivision (a); relettered subdivision (b) as (e); relettered subdivision (c) as (b); and added subdivisions (c) and (d). Stats. 1999, Ch. 991 (SB 45), in effect January 1, 2000, but operative July 1, 2001, substituted "paragraph (29) of subdivision (c) of Section 9102" for "Section 9105" after "as defined in" in subdivision (d). Stats. 2022, Ch. 474 (SB 1496), in effect January 1, 2023, substituted "California Department of Tax and Fee Administration" for "board" throughout the section; substituted "levy," for "levy", substituted "personally," for "personally or" after "served", and added "or by electronic transmission or other electronic technology," after "mail" in first sentence of subdivision (a); substituted "delivered, mailed, or served by electronic transmission or other electronic technology" for "delivered or mailed" in subdivision (e).

43444.3. Employer withheld earnings. (a) Notwithstanding Article 7 (commencing with Section 706.151) of Chapter 5 of Title 9 of Part 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure, if the board determines upon receiving information from a feepayer or other person liable for any amount under this part that the person's employer withheld earnings for taxes pursuant to Section 43444.2 and failed to remit the withheld earnings to the board, the employer shall be liable for the amount not remitted. The board's determination shall be based on payroll documents or other substantiating evidence furnished by the person liable for the tax.

(b) Upon its determination, the board shall mail notice to the employer at its last known address that upon failure to remit the withheld earnings to the board within 15 days of the date of its notice to the employer, the employer shall be liable for that amount which was withheld and not remitted.

(c) If the employer fails to remit the amount withheld to the board upon notice, that amount for which the employer is liable shall be determined, collected, and paid as though it were a tax deficiency. The amount may be assessed at any time prior to seven years from the first day that the unremitted amount, in the aggregate, was first withheld. Interest shall accrue on that amount from the first day that the unremitted amount, in the aggregate, was first withheld.

(d) When the determination against the employer is final and due and payable, the person's account shall be immediately credited with an amount equal to that determined amount as though it were a payment received by the board on the first date that the unremitted amount, in the aggregate, was first withheld by the employer.

(e) Collection against the person liable for the tax is stayed for both the following amount and period:

(1) An amount equal to the amount determined by the board under subdivision (a).

(2) The earlier of the time the credit is applied to the person's account pursuant to subdivision (d) or the determination against the employer is withdrawn or revised and the person is notified by the board thereof.

(f) If under this section an amount that was withheld and not remitted to the board is final and due and payable by the employer and credited to the person's account, this remedy shall be the exclusive remedy for the person to recover that amount from the employer.

(g) This section shall apply to determinations made by the board on or after the effective date of the act adding this section.

History—Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 1052, in effect January 1, 2001.

43445. Remedies; cumulative. The remedies of the state provided for in this chapter are cumulative, and no action taken by the board or Attorney General constitutes an election by the state or any of its officers to pursue any remedy to the exclusion of any other remedy for which provision is made in this part.

43446. Remedies. The amounts required to be paid by any person under this part together with interest and penalties shall be satisfied first in any of the following cases:

(a) Whenever the person is insolvent.

(b) Whenever the person makes a voluntary assignment of his or her assets.

(c) Whenever the estate of the person in the hands of executors, administrators, or heirs is insufficient to pay all the debts due from the deceased.

(d) Whenever the estate and effects of an absconding, concealed, or absent person required to pay any amount under this part are levied upon by process of law.

This section does not give the state a preference over a lien or security interest which was recorded or perfected prior to the time when the state records or files its lien as provided in Section 7171 of the Government Code.

The preference given to the state by this section is subordinate to the preferences given to claims for personal services by Sections 1204 and 1206 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

43447. Furnishing of partnership agreement. The board shall not be subject to subdivisions (c) and (d) of Section 16307 of the Corporations Code unless, at the time of application for or issuance of a permit, license, or registration number under this part, the applicant furnishes to the board a written partnership agreement that provides that all business assets shall be held in the name of the partnership.

History—Added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 1003, in effect January 1, 1997.

43448. Installment payment agreement. (a) The board may, in its discretion, enter into a written installment payment agreement with a person for the payment of any taxes due, together with interest thereon and any applicable penalties, in installments over an agreed period. With mutual consent, the board and the taxpayer may alter or modify the agreement.

(b) Upon failure of a person to fully comply with the terms of an installment payment agreement with the board, the board may terminate the agreement by mailing a notice of termination to the person. The notice shall include an explanation of the basis for the termination and inform the person of his or her right to request an administrative review of the termination. Fifteen days after the mailing of the notice, the installment payment agreement shall be void, and the total amount of the tax, interest, and penalties due shall be immediately payable.

(c) The board shall establish procedures for an administrative review for persons requesting that review whose installment payment agreements are terminated under subdivision (b). The collection of taxes, interest, and penalties that are the subject of the terminated installment payment agreement may not be stayed during this administrative review process.

(d) Subdivision (b) shall not apply to any case where the board finds collection of the tax to be in jeopardy.

(e) Except in the case of fraud, if an installment payment agreement is entered into within 45 days from the date on which the board's notice of determination or redetermination becomes final, and the person complies with the terms of the installment payment agreement, the board shall relieve the penalty imposed pursuant to Section 43306.

History—Added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 929 (AB 1638), in effect January 1, 2000. Stats. 2000, Ch. 1052 (AB 2898), effective January 1, 2001, added subdivision (e).

43448.5. Installment payment agreement; annual statement. The board, beginning no later than January 1, 2001, shall provide each taxpayer who has an installment payment agreement in effect under Section 43448 an annual statement setting forth the initial balance at the beginning of the year, the payments made during the year, and the remaining balance as of the end of the year.

History—Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 1052 (AB 2898), in effect January 1, 2001.

43449. Collection cost recovery fee. (a) A collection cost recovery fee shall be imposed on any person that fails to pay an amount of tax, interest, penalty, or other amount due and payable under this part. The collection cost recovery fee shall be in an amount less than or equal to the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration’s costs for collection, as reasonably determined by the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. The collection cost recovery fee shall be imposed only if the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration has mailed its demand notice, to that person for payment, that advises that continued failure to pay the amount due may result in collection action, including the imposition of a collection cost recovery fee.

(b) Interest shall not accrue with respect to the collection cost recovery fee provided by this section.

(c) The collection cost recovery fee imposed pursuant to this section shall be collected in the same manner as the collection of any other tax imposed by this part.

(d) (1) If the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration finds that a person's failure to pay any amount under this part is due to reasonable cause and circumstances beyond the person's control, and occurred notwithstanding the exercise of ordinary care and the absence of willful neglect, the person shall be relieved of the collection cost recovery fee provided by this section.

(2) Any person seeking to be relieved of the collection cost recovery fee shall file with the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration a statement under penalty of perjury setting forth the facts upon which the person bases the claim for relief.

(e) Subdivision (a) shall be operative with respect to a demand notice for payment which is mailed on or after January 1, 2011.

(f) Collection cost recovery fee revenues shall be deposited in the same manner as revenues derived from any other tax imposed by this part.

History—Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 721 (SB 858), in effect October 19, 2010, operative January 1, 2011. Stats. 2021, Ch. 432 (SB 824), in effect January 1, 2022, added "less than or" after "shall be in an amount" in subdivision (a); and substituted "California Department of Tax and Fee Administration" or "California Department of Tax and Fee Administration’s" for "board" or "board’s" respectively, throughout.

43450. Collection cost recovery fee. (a) Notwithstanding Sections 706.071, 706.073, 706.080, 706.101, and 706.105 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration may serve earnings withholding orders for taxes and any other notice or document required to be served or provided in connection with an earnings withholding order for taxes according to Article 4 (commencing with Section 706.070) of Chapter 5 of Division 2 of Title 9 of Part 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure to government and private employers by electronic transmission or other electronic technology.

(b) Upon consent of the employer, the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration may provide service by electronic transmission or other electronic technology under this section.

(c) Notwithstanding Sections 706.071, 706.073, 706.080, 706.101, 706.125, and 706.126 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration may receive the employer’s return, as described in Section 706.126 of the Code of Civil Procedure, by electronic transmission or other electronic technology.

(d) This section shall apply in the same manner and with the same force and effect and to the full extent as if this section had been incorporated in full into Article 4 (commencing with Section 706.070) of Chapter 5 of Division 2 of Title 9 of Part 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

(e) This section shall apply to notices served or provided on or after the effective date of the act adding this section.

History—Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 511, (SB 889), in effect January 1, 2024.